Hub Insight

Clean Water. Clean Kill. Every Time.

Protect Herbicide Performance

Clean Water.
Clean Kill.
Every Time.

Every Spray Counts & Performance Starts With Water

From pre-drilling glyphosate to in-crop systemic herbicides, what happens in the tank directly influences what happens at the target.

While glyphosate has driven awareness around water quality, the same principles apply to many other susceptible herbicides used across arable and grassland systems.

If herbicide is tied up in the tank, it can’t be recovered at the target.

Why Water Quality Matters

Hard water contains dissolved minerals such as calcium and magnesium. These minerals can interact with certain herbicides in the spray tank, reducing the amount of active ingredient available for plant uptake.

This is particularly important where:

  • Weed populations show only moderate susceptibility
  • Uptake and translocation are critical to activity
  • Conditions are less than ideal

Losses are rarely obvious in isolation, but over a season they can significantly influence consistency and results. Water quality is one of the most controllable factors in spray performance – yet it is often overlooked.

Which Herbicides Are Susceptible?

Water quality can influence a wide range of systemic herbicides, including:

  • Glyphosate
  • Sulphonylureas (SUs)
  • ACCase inhibitors (dims)
  • Phenoxies
  • Other Group 4 herbicides (auxin mimics)

One way to identify herbicides most at risk is to look at their pKa, a measure of how acidic a herbicide is. In simple terms, the lower the pKa, the more likely it is to interact with calcium and magnesium in hard water – reducing uptake.

These interactions can reduce absorption and slow activity.

Examples of Herbicides Influenced by Water Quality

Active IngredientpKa value
asulam1.29
dicamba1.87
glufosinate2
clopyralid2.01
propoxycarbazone-sodium2.1
imazamox2.3
picloram2.3
glyphosate2.34
aminopyralid2.56
halauxifen-methyl2.84
fluroxypyr2.94
mesotrione3.12
iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium3.22
2-4D3.4
sulfosulfuron3.51
amidosulfuron3.58
mecoprop-P3.7
MCPA3.73
prosulfuron3.76
bromoxynil2.86
triclopyr3.97
rimsulfuron4
thifensulfuron-methyl4
2-4DB4.1
cycloxydim4.17
mesosulfuron-methyl4.35
clethodim4.47
MCPB4.5
florasulam4.54
tribenuron-methyl4.65
pyroxsulam4.67
nicosulfuron4.78
Active IngredientpKa value
asulam1.29
dicamba1.87
glufosinate2
clopyralid2.01
propoxycarbazone-sodium2.1
imazamox2.3
picloram2.3
glyphosate2.34
aminopyralid2.56
halauxifen-methyl2.84
fluroxypyr2.94
Active IngredientpKa value
mesotrione3.12
iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium3.22
2-4D3.4
sulfosulfuron3.51
amidosulfuron3.58
mecoprop-P3.7
MCPA3.73
prosulfuron3.76
bromoxynil2.86
triclopyr3.97
rimsulfuron4
Active IngredientpKa value
thifensulfuron-methyl4
2-4DB4.1
cycloxydim4.17
mesosulfuron-methyl4.35
clethodim4.47
MCPB4.5
florasulam4.54
tribenuron-methyl4.65
pyroxsulam4.67
nicosulfuron4.78

This is not an exhaustive list, but it illustrates how widely water quality has the potential to influence performance across herbicide programmes.

You can check the pKa of other active ingredients by visiting the Pesticide Properties Database on the University of Hertfordshire's website on the button link below.

3L of 360g/L Glyphosate, Photo taken 21 DAA

Why Partial Performance Loss is Hard to See

Hard water rarely causes complete failure.

Instead, it causes subtle reductions in uptake:

  • Slower activity
  • Reduced consistency
  • Increased field-to-field variability

The spray still works – just not at its full potential.

Over time, these small losses can quietly erode programme performance and reliability. A treatment that delivers slightly less control may still look acceptable in the short-term, but surviving weeds contribute seed return, competition and resistance pressure

Which beaker contains hard water?

If Water Quality Matters, Why Isn’t It Routine?

You're right. Testing and addressing water quality issues with susceptible herbicides should be routine. But historically, water conditioning has often been:

  • Overlooked - hard water is not obvious
  • Considered relevant only for glyphosate
  • Seen as complicated or time-consuming to deal with
  • Difficult to measure in real farm conditions

Water quality is not a new topic. Better testing tools, clearer guidance, and purpose-designed true water conditioners now make a water-first routine practical and easily achievable. Protecting herbicide performance doesn’t require complexity – just consistency.

Restoring Performance – The Water First Routine

Protecting herbicide performance starts before the active ingredients enter the tank. Water quality is one of the easiest factors in spraying to measure, control and restore.

How to test water hardness

Step 1 – Test Water Regularly

Know your water hardness before spraying.
Hardness varies by source, location and season.

Testing removes guesswork and takes seconds with a
digital TDS meter, making routine monitoring practical.

→ Download: 3-Step Water Routine Card

Step 2 – Condition First

Always add a true water conditioner like X-Change before any products enter the tank.

This prevents hard water cations from interacting with active ingredients. Instead, cations are neutralised by the water conditioner before actives are added.

 Hardness guide

Water Hardness (ppm) Performance Risk Action
<100 Low Conditioning optional
100-200 Moderate Conditioning recommended for glyphosate and other susceptible herbicides
>200 High Conditioning strongly recommended for glyphosate and other susceptible herbicides

Step 3 – Dose Based on Hardness

Condition water consistently and dose according to your water hardness test result, especially when applying:

  • Glyphosate
  • Sulphonylureas
  • Dims
  • Phenoxies
  • Other Group 4 herbicide auxin mimics

Protect Susceptible Herbicides With a True Water Conditioner

Always use a true water conditioner such as X‑Change, specifically designed to protect susceptible herbicides from hard water deactivation.

X‑Change works by:

  • Binding calcium and other polyvalent cations contributing to water hardness
  • Acting sacrificially to prevent interaction with active ingredients
  • Buffering the spray solution to pH 5
  • Supporting droplet hydration
  • Including built-in anti-foam for efficient tank mixing

By conditioning water first and dosing correctly, X-Change ensures herbicides remain fully available for uptake – maximising consistency and reliability.

→ Download: X-Change Tech Sheet → Download: 3-Step Water Routine Card

Protect Performance. Protect Chemistry. Every Time

Recent seasons have highlighted the importance of optimising glyphosate performance, particularly as resistance pressure increases and confirmed cases of resistant ryegrass reinforce the need to protect efficacy.

But glyphosate is only part of the picture.

Many systemic herbicides are influenced by water quality. Each time uptake is reduced, even slightly, weed control becomes less reliable and pressure on chemistry increases.

A consistent, water-first approach helps:

  • Maintain reliable herbicide performance
  • Improve consistency across fields and seasons
  • Reduce unnecessary follow-up treatments
  • Support resistance management strategies

Small improvements at the start of the spray process protect results all the way to the field.

Download Stewardship Guide

Make It Standard Practice

Test water. Condition first. Dose based on hardness. Every spray.

After all, water is one of the few fully controllable variables in spray application – making it one of the easiest to improve.

Clean Water. Clean Kill. Every Time